Today's Highlight in History:
On January 12th, 1948, the Supreme Court ruled that states could not discriminate against law-school applicants because of race.
On this date:
In 1519, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian the First died.

In 1773, the first public museum in America was established, in Charleston, South Carolina.

In 1915, the US House of Representatives rejected a proposal to give women the right to vote.

In 1932, Mrs. Hattie W. Caraway became the first woman elected to the US Senate.

In 1942, President Roosevelt created the National War Labor Board.

In 1945, during World War Two, Soviet forces began a huge offensive against the Germans in Eastern Europe.

In 1964, leftist rebels in Zanzibar began their successful revolt against the government.

In 1966, President Johnson said in his State of the Union address that the U-S should stay in South Vietnam until Communist aggression there was ended.

In 1969, the New York Jets defeated the Baltimore Colts 16-to-7 in Super Bowl Three, played at the Orange Bowl in Miami.

In 1971, the situation comedy "All in the Family" premiered on CBS television.

Ten years ago: The astronauts aboard the space shuttle "Columbia" retrieved an eleven-ton floating science laboratory in a rescue mission that kept the satellite from plunging to Earth.

Five years ago: In Port-au-Prince, Haiti, an American soldier was killed, another wounded, during a shootout with a former Haitian army officer who was also killed. Qubilah Shabazz, the daughter of Malcolm X, was arrested in Minneapolis on charges she'd tried to hire a hitman to kill Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan (the charges were later dropped in a settlement with the government).

One year ago: The Supreme Court limited state regulation of voter initiatives, striking down several methods used by Colorado to police such measures. Mark McGwire's 70th home run ball was sold at auction in New York for $3 million to an anonymous bidder.

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 13th, 1794, President Washington approved a measure adding two stars and two stripes to the American flag, following the admission of Vermont and Kentucky to the union. (The number of stripes was later reduced to 13 again.)
On this date:
In 1864, composer Stephen Foster died in New York.

In 1893, Britain's Independent Labor Party (a precursor to the current Labor Party) held its first meeting.

In 1898, Emile Zola's famous defense of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, "J'accuse," was published in Paris.

In 1941, novelist James Joyce died in Zurich, Switzerland.

In 1962, comedian Ernie Kovacs died in a car crash in west Los Angeles.

In 1966, Robert C. Weaver became the first black Cabinet member as he was appointed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development by President Johnson.

In 1978, former Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey died in Waverly, Minnesota, at age 66.

In 1982, an Air Florida 737 crashed into Washington DC's 14th Street Bridge after takeoff and fell into the Potomac River, killing 78 people.

In 1992, Japan apologized for forcing tens of thousands of Korean women to serve as sex slaves for Japanese soldiers during World War Two.

In 1993, former East German leader Erich Honecker was freed from prison and allowed to leave for Chile.

Ten years ago: L. Douglas Wilder of Virginia became the nation's first elected black governor as he took the oath of office in Richmond.

Five years ago: Italy named Treasury Minister Lamberto Dini its new prime minister. Authorities in the Philippines said they had unearthed a conspiracy by militant Muslims to assassinate Pope John Paul the Second during his visit.

One year ago: President Clinton's legal team dispatched a formal trial brief to the Senate, arguing that neither "fact or law" warranted his removal from office; House officials sent the Senate all public evidence in the case. Michael Jordan announced his retirement from the Chicago Bulls.

Today's Highlight in History:
One hundred years ago, on January 14th, 1900, Puccini's opera "Tosca" received a mixed reception at its Rome world premiere.
On this date:
In 1639, the first constitution of Connecticut -- the "Fundamental Orders" -- was adopted.

In 1742, English astronomer Edmond Halley, who observed the comet that now bears his name, died at age 85.

In 1784, the United States ratified a peace treaty with England ending the Revolutionary War.

In 1858, French emperor Napoleon the Third escaped an attempt on his life.

In 1943, President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill opened a wartime conference in Casablanca.

In 1952, NBC's "Today" show premiered.

In 1953, Josip Broz Tito was elected president of Yugoslavia by the country's Parliament.

In 1963, George C. Wallace was sworn in as governor of Alabama with a pledge of "segregation forever."

In 1969, 25 crew members of the US aircraft carrier "Enterprise" were killed in an explosion that ripped through the ship off Hawaii.

In 1970, Diana Ross and the Supremes performed their last concert together, at the Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas.

Ten years ago: The Denver Broncos and the San Francisco 49ers earned a trip to the Super Bowl by winning the American and National Football Conference championships.

Five years ago: Russian troops in the breakaway republic of Chechnya captured the Council of Ministers building, a key rebel position in the capital Grozny. Pope John Paul the Second addressed a huge rally in Manila, urging young people to reject cynicism.

One year ago: Before a jury of 100 silent senators, House prosecutors demanded President Clinton's removal from office, charging he had "piled perjury upon perjury" and obstructed justice.

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Today's Highlight in History:
On January 15th, 1929, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Junior was born in Atlanta.
On this date:
In 1559, England's Queen Elizabeth the First was crowned in Westminster Abbey.

In 1844, the University of Notre Dame received its charter from the state of Indiana.

In 1870, the Democratic party was represented as a donkey for the first time in a cartoon by Thomas Nast in "Harper's Weekly."

In 1892, the rules of basketball were published for the first time, in Springfield, Massachusetts, where the game originated.

In 1919, pianist and statesman Ignace Jan Paderewski became the first premier of the newly created republic of Poland.

In 1943, work was completed on the Pentagon, now the headquarters of the US Department of Defense.

In 1967, the first Super Bowl was played as the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League defeated the Kansas City Chiefs of the American Football League, 35-to-10.

In 1973, President Nixon announced the suspension of all US offensive action in North Vietnam, citing progress in peace negotiations.

In 1989, NATO, the Warsaw Pact and 12 other European countries adopted a human rights and security agreement in Vienna, Austria.

In 1992, the Yugoslav federation, founded in 1918, effectively collapsed as the European Community recognized the republics of Croatia and Slovenia.

Ten years ago: Soviet leader Gorbachev and the Soviet Presidium declared a state of emergency in parts of Azerbaijan and Armenia in the wake of escalating ethnic violence. A computer problem disrupted AT&T's long-distance service for about nine hours.

Five years ago: Pope John Paul the Second celebrated a final Mass during his visit to the Philippines, drawing millions of people. The San Francisco 49ers defeated the Dallas Cowboys 38-to-28 in the National Football Conference title game, while the San Diego Chargers upset the Pittsburgh Steelers 17-to-13 in the American Football Conference championship.

One year ago: House prosecutors prodded senators at President Clinton's impeachment trial to summon Monica Lewinsky, Vernon Jordan and others for testimony and "invite the president" to appear as well.

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 16th, 1920, Prohibition began in the United States as the 18th Amendment to the US Constitution took effect. (It was later repealed by the 21st Amendment.)
On this date:
In 1547, Ivan the Terrible was crowned Czar of Russia.

In 1883, the US Civil Service Commission was established.

In 1919, Nebraska, Wyoming and Missouri became the 36th, 37th and 38th states to ratify Prohibition, which went into effect a year later.

In 1942, actress Carole Lombard, her mother and about twenty other people were killed when their plane crashed near Las Vegas, Nevada, while returning from a war-bond promotion tour.

In 1944, General Dwight D. Eisenhower took command of the Allied Invasion Force in London.

In 1964, the musical "Hello, Dolly!" opened on Broadway, beginning a run of 2,844 performances.

In 1967, Alan S. Boyd was sworn in as the first secretary of transportation.

In 1989, three days of rioting erupted in Miami when a police officer fatally shot a black motorcyclist, causing a crash that also claimed the life of a passenger.

In 1991, the White House announced the start of Operation Desert Storm to drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait.

In 1992, officials of the government of El Salvador and rebel leaders signed a pact in Mexico City ending 12 years of civil war.

Ten years ago: The Soviet Union sent more than eleven-thousand reinforcements to the Caucasus to halt a civil war between Armenians and Azerbaijanis.

Five years ago: In Union, South Carolina, a prosecutor announced he would seek the death penalty for Susan Smith, the woman accused of drowning her two young sons, three-year-old Michael and 14-month-old Alex. (Smith was later convicted of murder, but was sentenced to life in prison.)

One year ago: Closing three days of opening arguments, House prosecutors demanded President Clinton's removal from office, telling a hushed Senate that otherwise the presidency itself may be "deeply and perhaps permanently damaged." Forty-five ethnic Albanians were found slain near the southern Kosovo village of Racak.

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 17th, 1893, Hawaii's monarchy was overthrown as a group of businessmen and sugar planters forced Queen Liliuokalani to abdicate.
On this date:
In 1706, Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston.

In 1893, the 19th president of the United States, Rutherford B. Hayes, died in Fremont, Ohio, at age 70.

In 1899, notorious gangster Al Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York.

In 1945, Soviet and Polish forces liberated Warsaw during World War Two.

In 1945, Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, credited with saving tens of thousands of Jews, disappeared in Hungary while in Soviet custody.

In 1946, the United Nations Security Council held its first meeting.

In 1961, in his farewell address, President Eisenhower warned against the rise of "the military-industrial complex."

In 1977, convicted murderer Gary Gilmore, 36, was shot by a firing squad at Utah State Prison in the first US execution in a decade.

In 1989, five children were shot to death at the Cleveland Elementary School in Stockton, California, by a drifter who then killed himself.

In 1994, a six-point-seven magnitude earthquake struck Southern California, killing at least 61 people and causing $20 billion worth of damage.

Ten years ago: A federal judge in Miami set a March 1990 date for ex-Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega's drug trafficking trial to begin. (After initial delays, Noriega was tried and convicted of racketeering and conspiracy to distribute cocaine, and was sentenced to 40 years in prison, later cut to 30 years.)

Five years ago: More than six-thousand people were killed when an earthquake with a magnitude of seven-point-two devastated the city of Kobe, Japan.

One year ago: As White House lawyers met to work on President Clinton's defense, their client spent the day preparing for his State of the Union address. The defending Super Bowl champion Denver Broncos defeated the New York Jets, 23-to-10, to win the American Football Conference title; the Atlanta Falcons upset the Minnesota Vikings, 30-to-27, to win the National Football Conference championship.

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 18th, 1912, English explorer Robert F. Scott and his expedition reached the South Pole, only to discover that Roald Amundsen had beaten them to it. (Scott and his party perished during the return trip.)
On this date:
In 1788, the first English settlers arrived in Australia's Botany Bay to establish a penal colony.

In 1862, the tenth president of the United States, John Tyler, died in Richmond, Virginia, at age 71.

In 1919, the World War One Peace Congress opened in Versailles, France.

In 1936, author Rudyard Kipling died in Burwash, England.

In 1943, during World War Two, the Soviets announced they'd broken the long Nazi siege of Leningrad.

In 1967, Albert DeSalvo, who claimed to be the "Boston Strangler," was convicted in Cambridge, Massachusetts, of armed robbery, assault and sex offenses. (Sentenced to life, DeSalvo was killed by a fellow inmate in 1973.)

In 1970, Mormon president David McKay died at the age of 96.

In 1975, the situation comedy "The Jeffersons," a spin-off from "All in the Family," premiered on CBS TV.

In 1991, financially strapped Eastern Airlines shut down after 62 years in business.

In 1996, Lisa Marie Presley-Jackson filed for divorce from Michael Jackson.

Ten years ago: A jury in Los Angeles acquitted former preschool operators Raymond Buckey and his mother, Peggy McMartin Buckey, of 52 child molestation charges. Washington DC Mayor Marion Barry was arrested in an FBI sting on drug-possession charges (he was later convicted of a misdemeanor).

Five years ago: The death toll continued to climb in Kobe, Japan, where a major earthquake had claimed more than six-thousand lives. South African President Nelson Mandela's cabinet denied amnesty sought by 3500 police officers in apartheid's waning days.

One year ago: Defying global outrage over the massacre of 45 ethnic Albanian civilians in Kosovo, Serb forces pounded villages with artillery. The Yugoslav government also ordered the American head of the Kosovo peace mission to leave the country and barred a UN investigator looking into the massacre.

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 19th, 1807, Robert E. Lee, the commander-in-chief of the Confederate armies, was born in Stratford, Virginia.
On this date:
In 1736, James Watt, inventor of the steam engine, was born in Scotland.

In 1809, author Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston.

In 1853, Verdi's opera "Il Trovatore" premiered in Rome.

In 1861, Georgia seceded from the Union.

In 1944, the federal government relinquished control of the nation's railroads following settlement of a wage dispute.

In 1955, a presidential news conference was filmed for television for the first time, with permission from President Eisenhower.

In 1966, Indira Gandhi was elected prime minister of India.

In 1970, President Nixon nominated G. Harrold Carswell to the Supreme Court; however, the nomination was defeated because of controversy over Carswell's past racial views.

In 1977, in one of his last acts of office, President Ford pardoned Iva Toguri D'Aquino, an American who'd made wartime broadcasts for Japan.

In 1981, the United States and Iran signed an agreement paving the way for the release of 52 Americans held hostage for more than 14 months.

Ten years ago: Arthur J. Goldberg, former Supreme Court justice, labor secretary and US Ambassador to the United Nations, was found dead in his Washington apartment at age 81.

Five years ago: Russian troops regained control of the presidential palace in Grozny, the capital of the breakaway republic of Chechnya.

One year ago: President Clinton delivered his State of the Union address, in which he proposed to protect Social Security by using huge budget surpluses and announced the government would sue the tobacco industry for smokers' health costs. Hours earlier, at the president's impeachment trial in the Senate, White House Counsel Charles Ruff opened the defense with ringing statements of Clinton's innocence.

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 20th, 1981, Iran released 52 Americans it had held hostage for 444 days, minutes after the presidency had passed from Jimmy Carter to Ronald Reagan.
On this date:
In 1801, John Marshall was appointed chief justice of the United States.

In 1841, the island of Hong Kong was ceded to Great Britain. (It returned to Chinese control in July 1997.)

In 1887, the US Senate approved an agreement to lease Pearl Harbor in Hawaii as a naval base.

In 1896, comedian George Burns was born Nathan Birnbaum in New York City.

In 1920, movie director Federico Fellini was born in Rimini, Italy.

In 1936, Britain's King George the Fifth died; he was succeeded by Edward the Eighth.

In 1942, Nazi officials held the notorious Wannsee conference, during which they arrived at their "final solution" that called for exterminating Jews.

In 1986, the United States observed the first federal holiday in honor of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King Junior.

In 1986, Britain and France announced plans to build the Channel Tunnel.

In 1993, actress Audrey Hepburn died of color cancer in Tolochenaz, Switzerland.

In 1994, Shannon Faulkner became the first woman to attend classes at The Citadel in South Carolina. (Faulkner joined the cadet corps in August 1995 under court order but soon dropped out.)

Ten years ago: Soviet troops stormed the capital of the republic of Azerbaijan, the scene of ethnic unrest, leaving dozens dead and wounded. The space shuttle "Columbia" returned from an eleven-day mission. Actress Barbara Stanwyck died in Santa Monica, California, at age 82.

Five years ago: The Japanese government, criticized for being slow to respond to Kobe's devastating earthquake, admitted its initial reaction might have been "confused." The US State Department announced a partial lifting of economic sanctions against communist North Korea.

One year ago: For a second day, President Clinton's legal team argued its case before the Senate, saying that House-passed articles of impeachment were "flawed and unfair."

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 21st, 1950, former State Department official Alger Hiss, accused of being part of a Communist spy ring, was found guilty in New York of lying to a grand jury. Hiss, who always maintained his innocence, was sentenced to five years in prison; he served less than four.
On this date:
In 1793, during the French Revolution, King Louis the 16th, condemned for treason, was executed on the guillotine.

In 1861, Jefferson Davis of Mississippi and four other Southerners resigned from the US Senate.

In 1915, the first Kiwanis Club was founded, in Detroit.

In 1924, Russian revolutionary Vladimir Ilyich Lenin died at age 54.

In 1950, George Orwell, author of "Nineteen Eighty-Four," died in London.

In 1954, the first atomic submarine, the USS "Nautilus," was launched at Groton, Connecticut.

In 1976, the supersonic Concorde jet was put into service by Britain and France.

In 1977, President Carter pardoned almost all Vietnam War draft evaders.

In 1997, Speaker Newt Gingrich was reprimanded and fined as the House voted for first time in history to discipline its leader for ethical misconduct.

In 1998, President Clinton angrily denied reports he'd had an affair with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky and had tried to get her to lie about it.

Ten years ago: In the Soviet republic of Azerbaijan, mutinous military cadets fired on troops patrolling the capital during a crackdown on a nationalist uprising.

Five years ago: President Clinton, addressing the Democratic National Committee, implored members to "bear down and go forward" despite the results of the 1994 elections.

One year ago: Former Senator Dale Bumpers told the Senate impeachment trial of Bill Clinton the president was guilty of a "terrible moral lapse" but not of conduct warranting or even permitting his removal from office. Raul Salinas de Gortari, the brother of a former Mexican president, was convicted of masterminding the murder of rival Jose Francisco Ruiz Massieu and sentenced to 50 years.

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 22nd, 1917, President Wilson pleaded for an end to war in Europe, calling for "peace without victory." (By April, however, America also was at war.)
On this date:
In 1901, Britain's Queen Victoria died at age 82.

In 1922, Pope Benedict the 15th died; he was succeeded by Pius the Eleventh.

In 1938, Thornton Wilder's play "Our Town" was performed publicly for the first time, in Princeton, New Jersey.

In 1944, during World War Two, Allied forces began landing at Anzio, Italy.

In 1953, the Arthur Miller drama "The Crucible" opened on Broadway.

In 1968, the comedy show "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" premiered on NBC TV.

In 1970, the first regularly scheduled commercial flight of the Boeing 747 began in New York and ended in London some six and a-half hours later.

In 1973, the Supreme Court handed down its "Roe versus Wade" decision, which legalized abortion using a trimester approach.

In 1973, former President Johnson died at age 64.

In 1997, the Senate confirmed Madeleine Albright as the nation's first female secretary of state.

Ten years ago: Up to two million Azerbaijanis marched through the republic's capital to mourn people killed when Soviet troops put down a nationalist revolt. A jury in Syracuse, New York, convicted graduate student Robert T. Morris of federal computer tampering charges for unleashing a "worm" that crippled a computer network.

Five years ago: Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy died at the Kennedy compound at Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, at age 104. Twenty-one Israelis were killed and dozens others injured in a suicide bombing in central Israel.

One year ago: Senator Robert C. Byrd (Democrat, West Virginia) abruptly called for dismissal of charges against President Clinton to "end this sad and sorry time for our country." President Clinton called for spending $2.8 billion to protect the nation from cyber terrorism and chemical and germ warfare. Pope John Paul the Second arrived in Mexico on his first visit in 20 years.

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 23rd, 1968, North Korea seized the US Navy ship "Pueblo" charging its crew with being on a spying mission. (The crew was released eleven months later.)
On this date:
In 1789, Georgetown University was established in present-day Washington DC.

In 1845, Congress decided all national elections would be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

In 1849, English-born Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman in America to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree, from the Medical Institution of Geneva, New York.

In 1920, the Dutch government refused demands from the victorious Allies to hand over the ex-kaiser of Germany.

In 1932, New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination.

In 1950, the Israeli Knesset approved a resolution proclaiming Jerusalem the capital of Israel.

In 1964, the 24th amendment to the Constitution, eliminating the poll tax in federal elections, was ratified.

In 1973, President Nixon announced an accord had been reached to end the Vietnam War.

In 1985, debate in Britain's House of Lords was carried on live television for the first time.

In 1989, surrealist artist Salvador Dali died in his native Spain at age 84.

Ten years ago: The 101st Congress convened its second session, facing an agenda that included clean air legislation and deficit reduction.

Five years ago: The Supreme Court ruled that companies accused of illegally firing employees could not escape liability by later finding a lawful reason to justify the dismissal.

One year ago: A federal judge ordered Monica Lewinsky to submit to an interview sought by House prosecutors in President Clinton's impeachment trial. During his visit to Mexico, Pope John Paul the Second urged his flock in the Americas to make the region a "continent of life."

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 24th, 1908, the first Boy Scout troop was organized in England by Robert Baden-Powell.
On this date:
In 1848, James W. Marshall discovered a gold nugget at Sutter's Mill in northern California, a discovery that led to the gold rush of '49.

In 1924, the Russian city of St. Petersburg was renamed Leningrad in honor of the late revolutionary leader (however, it has since been re-named St. Petersburg).

In 1942, a special court of inquiry into America's lack of preparedness for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor placed much of the blame on Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel and Lieutenant General Walter C. Short, the Navy and Army commanders.

In 1943, President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill concluded a wartime conference in Casablanca, Morocco.

In 1965, Winston Churchill died in London at age 90.

In 1972, the Supreme Court struck down laws that denied welfare benefits to people who had resided in a state for less than a year.

In 1978, a nuclear-powered Soviet satellite plunged through Earth's atmosphere and disintegrated, scattering radioactive debris over parts of northern Canada.

In 1989, confessed serial killer Theodore Bundy was put to death in Florida's electric chair.

In 1993, retired Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall died in Bethesda, Maryland, at age 84.

Ten years ago: The House of Representatives voted, 390-to-25, to override President Bush's veto of legislation protecting Chinese students from deportation (however, Bush prevailed in a Senate vote the next day).

Five years ago: President Clinton appealed for common ground as he delivered his second State of the Union address, this time before a Republican-led Congress. The prosecution gave its opening statement at the O.J. Simpson murder trial.

One year ago: House prosecutors interviewed Monica Lewinsky, a move that triggered fresh partisan convulsions in President Clinton's impeachment trial. Olympic leaders recommended the expulsions of six International Olympic Committee members in an unprecedented response to the biggest corruption scandal in the history of the games.

Today's Highlight in History:
On January 25th, 1890, reporter Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Cochrane) of the "New York World" received a tumultuous welcome home after she completed a round-the-world journey in 72 days, six hours and eleven minutes.
On this date:
In 1533, England's King Henry the Eighth secretly married his second wife, Anne Boleyn (who later gave birth to Elizabeth the First).

In 1787, Shays's Rebellion suffered a setback when debt-ridden farmers led by Captain Daniel Shays failed to capture an arsenal at Springfield, Massachusetts.

In 1890, the United Mine Workers of America was founded.

In 1915, the inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, inaugurated US transcontinental telephone service.

In 1946, the United Mine Workers rejoined the American Federation of Labor.

In 1947, American gangster Al Capone died in Miami Beach, Florida, at age 48.

In 1959, American Airlines opened the jet age in the United States with the first scheduled transcontinental flight of a Boeing 707.

In 1961, President Kennedy held the first presidential news conference carried live on radio and television.

In 1980, Iranian Finance Minister Abolhassan Bani-Sadr was elected president of Iran.

In 1981, the 52 Americans held hostage by Iran for 444 days arrived in the United States.

Ten years ago: An Avianca Boeing 707 ran out of fuel and crashed in Cove Neck, New York; 73 of the 161 people aboard were killed. Actress Ava Gardner died in London at age 67.

Five years ago: The defense gave its opening statement in the O.J. Simpson trial in Los Angeles, saying Simpson was the victim of a "rush to judgment" by authorities who had mishandled evidence and ignored witnesses.

One year ago: The Supreme Court ruled, five-to-four, that the 2000 census could not use statistical sampling to enhance its accuracy. In Louisville, Kentucky, a man who'd lost his left hand received the first hand transplant in the United States. Jury selection began in Jasper, Texas, in the trial of John William King, accused in the dragging death of James Byrd Junior. A powerful earthquake rocked Colombia, killing more than one-thousand people.